Cisco how much flash

Hopefully, you are looking at a newer image. Thanks for taking the time. We fast forward to today, and the console of a Cisco ISR. Is there a document out there that can clearly explain this? Latest Contents. Created by Saurabh Nautiyal on AM. Cisco can not initialize ddr sdram. Created by ns-records on AM. Hi, i am new here, and i am new to cisco routing and switching. I am actually doing a IT Specialist training and we are learning routing and switching with cisco products. I already got a cisco router from a friend and want to use it for my training.

Hi Team , We have an issue accessing the VSS switch remotely via ssh , It works 1 or 2 times and does not work for 3rd time.. Created by justinhulsman on AM.

During times of load from my testing I'm generating traffic from a single site , ASA Firewall. Ping replies getting dropped.

Created by john14 on AM. Hello Guys, I am currently having a minor issue with the ASA Firewall i cant get the ping reply to get through the firewall. It might be the NAT issue but i cant tell because i am too inexperienced. Note that the router treats the two partitions as if they were separate flash devices. You can erase the contents of a particular partition by specifying the flash device name followed by the partition number and a colon:.

If you view the entire flash device again, you can see that the file in partition 2 has been erased, while the contents of partition 1 remain untouched:. You can remove an existing set of partitions with the no partition command:. If you attempt to create a partition that divides an existing file, the router will identify it as a problem.

You want to configure your router to act as a TFTP server. The tftp-server command configures the router to act as a TFTP server:. The ability to use a router as a TFTP server can be quite useful. Then you can configure this router to act as a TFTP server, and use it to upgrade the remaining routers over high-speed local links. However, the router is not a fully functional TFTP server. It can only serve files for download. You can even use it to hold configuration files for non-Cisco equipment.

Security is a concern whenever you enable services on a router. Every extra service you enable provides the wily hacker with a new potential avenue to exploit against your network. However, for internal use, we believe it is reasonably safe. In this example, we defined an access list, 99, that will allow all devices on the Then we applied the access list to the TFTP service by specifying the access list number at the end of the tftp-server command line.

This will help to ensure that only the authorized devices permitted by the access list may download the specified file via TFTP. You can configure the router to serve multiple files via TFTP by simply adding more tftp-server commands. If security is a concern, you can configure a different access list for each file. Although this feature can be useful, we recommend enabling it only when you need to perform a download.

Disabling the service as soon as the download has completed mitigates the security concerns of running extra services from your router. The copy ftp : command lets the router exchange files using FTP:. We explicitly defined a username and password in this example. Several recipes in this chapter show how to transfer files between your router and server using TFTP. However, Cisco routers also support FTP, which is better suited for transferring files over busy and congested links.

TFTP has no user level security features. However, FTP sends its passwords across the network in unencrypted cleartext, so it is still not highly secure. In the example we explicitly configured a FTP username and password on the router.

You can also override the username and password settings defined in the configuration file by including them on the command line:. You can use URL format to specify the username, password, server address, and file you want to download.

A colon separates the username, ijbrown , from the password, ianpassword. An sign then separates the user information from the server information, which can be either an IP address or a DNS name. It is important to remember that if you specify a username and password on the command line, it will override whatever values you have configured.

You need to generate hundreds of router configuration files for a big network rollout. When building a large WAN, you will usually configure the remote branch routers similarly according to a template. This is a good basic design principle, but it also makes it relatively easy to create the router configuration files. Example uses a Perl script to merge a CSV file containing basic router information with a standard template file.

This Perl script is a simplified version of much longer scripts that we have used to create the configuration files for some very large networks. After loading these configuration files into the routers, we shipped them to the remote locations along with a hard copy of the configuration in case there were problems during shipment. The technician installing the router could then simply connect the appropriate cables and power on the router.

This methodology can save hundreds of hours in a network installation project. CSV , run the script as follows:. Using a CSV file like is convenient because you can keep track of the entire network in a spreadsheet and create a CSV file containing the data you need for the router configurations. The template configuration needs to include unique variable names that the script will replace with values from the CSV file. For example, the template configuration file might look like this:.

The script expects to find this template file located in the current directory with the name rtr-template. Naturally, your router templates will not look like this one, and your CSV file will almost certainly contain other data that is important to your network.

This script will probably need significant local modification every time you use it on a new network, but the amount of time required to modify the script is usually far less than the amount of time needed to create all of the configuration files by hand.

The output of this script will be a series of files whose names are the same as the router names, but with. You can then use a terminal emulator to cut and paste the router configuration files into the routers prior to shipping them to their destinations.

You want to make a configuration change to a large number of routers. The Expect script in Example makes the same configuration changes to a list of routers using Telnet. When it finishes running, the script produces a status report that identifies which devices, if any, failed to update properly. No arguments are required or expected. This script uses the Expect language to emulate how a human router engineer might perform a series of configuration updates via TFTP.

Automating a routine but time-consuming procedure with a script like this saves time and decreases the chances of fatigue-induced errors. The script is designed to work with either normal router passwords or the AAA-enabled username and password combinations described in Chapter 3.

The script begins by asking you to supply a username. Then the script asks for the enable password and begins to perform the required configuration changes. The script is designed to work with IOS versions Unfortunately, Cisco changed the command sequence prior to You must change two variables in this script for it to work in your network. The first variable is called tftp. The second variable you need to change is workingdir , which must contain the name of the directory that holds the list of routers, the file of configuration changes, and where the script will put its report.

The script expects to find two files in the working directory. Using this file, the script will log into all of the routers and change the enable secret password. You could put any number of commands in this configuration file, but because the exact same set of configuration commands will be downloaded into every router, you should never change anything that is unique to a particular router such as an IP address this way.

This method is perfect for changing passwords, SNMP community strings, access lists, and other things that can be the same on all routers. This status file contains detailed status reports of what happened on each router. You need an up-to-date list of the hardware configurations and IOS levels of all of your routers. By default, the script stores this data in CSV format so that you can easily import it into a spreadsheet for analysis.

The inventory. This ensures that the data is up-to-date. You can even automate this script to run periodically, ensuring that your inventory information is always accurate. In a large network, this is much easier than keeping track of this information manually. You can use a different SNMP package if you prefer, but then you will need to modify the syntax appropriately. Again, if you keep this file in a different location, you will need to define the correct location in the snmp variable.

Before running this script in your network, you will need to modify two variables. The first is the public variable.

This value must contain your read-only SNMP community string. The script assumes that you have the same community string on all of the routers in the list. The second variable that you will need to set is workingdir , which must contain the name of the directory that you wish to run the script from. The script expects to find this file in the working directory.

The output of the script is a CSV file, which you can import into a spreadsheet to analyze and sort the results as required. Chapter 17 ; Appendix A. You need to download all of the active router configurations to see what has changed recently.

The Perl script in Example will automatically retrieve and store router configuration files on a nightly basis. By default, it will retain these configuration files for 30 days. The script should be run through the Unix cron utility to get the automatic nightly updates, but you can also run it manually if required. As we mentioned earlier in the chapter, it is extremely important to make regular backup copies of your router configuration files. However, as the size of your network grows, it becomes quite tedious to maintain a useful archive of these backups.

This script automates the task of collecting and storing router configuration files on a Unix-based TFTP server. This script will maintain 30 days worth of configuration files. We have found that this is a reasonable length of time, allowing engineers to recover router configuration files that are up to one month old.

If you increase the length of time that the server must store these files, it will obviously increase the amount of disk space you need to hold the extra configuration files. But router configuration files are generally quite small, so this is usually not a serious problem unless you support thousands of routers.

Before executing this script, you will need to modify a few variables. Please note that the read-only community string will not allow you to copy a configuration file; you must use the read-write string.

The script is written in Perl, and it makes a few system calls out to Bourne shell commands. If these files are in different locations on your local system, you will need to modify these paths. This file must be in the working directory. As we mentioned earlier, you should run this backup script from the Unix cron utility on a nightly basis. This ensures that you have an up-to-date backup of your configuration files. We recommend launching this script during the off-hours since it does generate traffic across your network, as well as causes a small amount of CPU loading on the routers.

Here is an example crontab entry to start the script every night at A. When the script runs, it creates a new directory called storage under the working directory. The dated directories contain all of the router configuration files that were captured on the date indicated in the directory name.

You can use the Unix diff command to see what changes have occurred on a given router. With a slight modification, you can configure the script to email this report to the responsible engineer. However, since each different Unix flavor uses a different mail program, we chose not to include it here in the interest of compatibility.

On a Solaris server, for example, you could add the following line to the bottom of the script to mail this report:. For other Unix or Linux variants, please consult your manpages for more information on your local mail program. Skip to main content. Start your free trial. Chapter 1. Router Configuration and File Management. Note IOS versions before See Also. Saving Router Configuration to Server.

Note This feature loads configuration commands only into the running configuration. Clearing the Startup Configuration. Note The sequence of the boot system commands is extremely important, as the router will attempt to load the IOS images in the order that they appear in the configuration file.

Table Boot system command target options. Booting Over the Network. Note Cisco highly recommends using the AUX port for this procedure rather than the console port because the AUX port supports hardware flow control. Deleting Files from Flash. Skip to content. The following two tabs change content below. Bio Latest Posts. Network Infrastructures are the primary focus.

Previous Automated eSafe backup.